Kinetics of Using Gossypium arboreum Shell Activated Carbon for Batch Adsorption of Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solution

Aim/Background: Gossypium arboreum (Shell), was utilized as an adsorbent to extract the Cr ion from aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: The shell had a particle size of 53 to 150 μm. The influence of pH demonstrates that as the pH of the solution rose, so did the amount adsorb. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations help to examine equilibrium adsorption isotherms, which are explained by dual Freundlich and Langmuir models; however, the Langmuir model exhibits superior agreement. Dimer development in the contact zone is suggested by the amount adsorbed increasing as the temperature rose. The surface is heterogeneous, with energetically distinct adsorption sites, as indicated by SEM micrographs and differential molar isosteric heat of Adsorption (ΔH) computed at varying surface coverages. Results: According to values of n derived from Freundlich plots, Cr adsorption on the shell of Gossypium arboreum occurs spontaneously. The differential heat of adsorption against surface coverage plot reaches its maximum value at high surface coverage, indicating that structural rearrangements in the adsorbate have occurred. Conclusion: Gossypium arboreum shell activated carbon's high adsorption intensity and affinity for Cr ions can be used to solve a variety of adsorption issues in the industry and water purification processes.