Association of Genetic Predisposition, Dietary Habits, and Psychological Factors with Metabolic Syndrome in Sedentary Adults in Kochi

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and lifestyle-related risk factors. Objectives: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and determinants of MetS among 500 sedentary working adults aged 30- 59 years in Kochi, Kerala. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on socio-demographic variables, family history, dietary behaviors, cooking practices, and psychological status, with MetS diagnosed using NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher (p=0.006) among females (63.4%) compared to males (51.0%). A positive family history of metabolic disorders emerged as a strong determinant, with maternal (62.1%, p<0.001), paternal (58.7%, p=0.001), sibling, and grandparental histories showing significant associations. Among dietary factors, frequent consumption of fast foods (54.9%, p=0.003), carbonated drinks (29.7%, p=0.001), and fried foods (45.1%, p=0.008) were strongly associated with MetS, while cooking method, type of oil used, and meal frequency showed no significant associations. Anxiety was the only psychological factor significantly associated with MetS (p=0.010), whereas depression and stress did not show relation with statistical significance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that both hereditary factors and modifiable lifestyle behaviors including diet and psychological stress collectively influence the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). These results highlight the need for integrated preventive strategies involving genetic risk screening, dietary interventions, and mental health management to curb the rising burden of MetS in sedentary populations.