Oral Delivery of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Extract-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Alginate Nanocapsule in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

Background: Insulin therapy is an essential part in diabetes mellitus type 2 treatment, but it has several side effects such as allergy and hypoglycemia. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed, one of which is by using nanocapsules to increase the performance of the drug delivery system. Purple sweet potato contain high anthocyanin levels which has antidiabetic properties. The idea of this research were to determine the potential use of purple sweet potato extract-loaded CMC-Alginate nanocapsules and to address problems regarding the efficiency of encapsulation to increase the bioavailability. Methods: This experimental research used post-test only control group design. The samples were 24 mice which were separated into four groups based on the administration of the following, respectively: 0.5 mL of extract-containing CMC-Alginate nanocapsules, 0.5 mL of extract, 1 mL of glibenclamide as the positive control and 0.5 mL of 0.5% CMC sodium placebo as the negative control. Mice were conditioned to be diabetic by induction of Streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels were carried out on days 1, 3, and 7 using an “Easy Touch” glucometer. The statistical analysis was conducted by two-way ANOVA proceeded by Tukey’s post hoc test to investigate the differences between all groups. Results: Statistically, purple sweet potato extract-loaded CMC-Alginate nanocapsules, which its extract concentration was 4.4 times less than that of extract without encapsulation, can reduce high glucose levels in mice when as compared to negative control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Purple sweet potato extract-loaded CMC-Alginate nanocapsules has capability to reduce blood glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced mice.