Pros and Cons of Animal Models: Special Emphasis on Anti-arthritic Clinical Evaluation Model

Introduction: Generally, animal models are regarded as very useful tools for studying pathophysiology and the clinical aspects of the disease and are always used as the first step for investigating a prospective new therapy. On the other hand, these models have numerous distinctions from the human condition by numerous constraints such as cost, animal size, and accessibility. Objectives: Nevertheless, scientists keep on depending on creature models because of the way that they can be promptly tested, biopsied, and autopsied, their hereditary and ecological background is now known and generally they serve studies that could not, in any case, be accomplished in humans. Therefore, the continuing effort for inventing new models has always positive critics and animal models will continue to have a major and meaningful place in clinical research. However, all researchers should always look into the ethical limits in the application of animal models for their experiments, utilize animals only when they are indispensable for a study, and avoid causing them pain, distress, suffering, and lasting harm. Conclusion: Here, we have summarized some significant in vivo and in vitro clinical models for the assessment of anti-arthritic activity of future drug candidates along with a general consideration of selection criteria and drawbacks; which is also applicable for animal models apart from arthritis. In this sense we suggest that the various models should be increasingly investigated, providing subsidies for new findings in the pathogenesis of diseases, with a rational discussion about the pros and cons of each experimental model to allow the best choice for the study in question.