Effects of Artemisinin on Anti-epileptogenic, Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Enzymes in Pentylenetetrazole-induced Kindling Model in Mice

Background: Artemisinin (ART) is a compound synthesized from the plant Artemisia annua. This compound has various therapeutic effects and is widely used against malaria. However, ART is known to have modulating effects on GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors, which are thought to be responsible for epileptic seizures. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ART on anti-convulsant, antioxidant, and cholinesterase enzyme activities in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model in mice. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 6 groups were formed, with seven mice in each group. Mice received a total of 11 intraperitoneal injections of PTZ (35 mg/kg). On the last day of the study, a threat dose of PTZ (75 mg/kg) was administered. In addition, behavioral analysis tests (Locomotor activity and rotarod) and biochemical measurements were performed. Results: Compared with the PTZ group, ART attenuated the severity of the kindling, decreasing the seizure score. ART and VPA reversed increased oxidative stress. Decreased cholinesterase enzymes in PTZ-induced brain increased with ART treatment. While the PTZ application impaired locomotor activity in mice, the ART application provided improvement in locomotor activity. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in the motor performance of the mice. Conclusion: The findings show that ART may have the potential to prevent PTZ-induced oxidative stress, neurochemical changes, behavioral disorders, and seizures.