Green Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles Structural Characterization and their Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential Using Adenocarcinoma (A549) Cell Line

Background

Over the past two decades, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated a wide range of antioxidant and anticancer properties. Vinca alkaloid exhibits the anticancer efficacy by direct metaphase arrest of cell division.

Aim

The present study is to develop a green synthesis method for producing silver nanoparticles using vinca, the antioxidant and anticancer potential was assessed using A549 cells.

Materials and Methods

The synthesized AgNPs were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Spectra Max i3X energy-dispersive X-ray (XRD) Spectroscopy to determine their physico-chemical and morphological characteristics.

Results and Discussion

The FTIR spectrum of vinca AgNPs exhibited absorption bands at 692 cm^-1, 684 cm^-1, 611 cm^-1, 592 cm^-1, 578 cm^-1, 554 cm^-1, 548 cm^-1, 539 cm^-1 and 526 cm^-1, indicating the presence of silver ion bounded nanoparticles derived from Vinca leaf. These findings suggest that vinca-coated AgNPs possess multiple functions that contribute to their stability. XRD data analysis revealed Bragg’s reflections in the XRD pattern (2θ) at 24.75, 31.59, 37.56, 53.01, 64.93 and 76.27, confirming the crystalline nature of the green synthesized AgNPs. Elemental analysis was conducted to determine the elemental composition of the sample, which indicated that approximately 60% of the prepared nanoparticles were bound with silver ions, supporting the formulation. Antioxidant studies were performed using the DPPH assay at different concentrations of AgNPs, while cell-based cytotoxic assays were conducted using different concentrations of AgNO3.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and reduced cellular motility, indicating their promising anticancer efficacy.