Original ArticleIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchVol. 59 | Issue 2 | 2025 | pp. 757–766Open access
Chlorogenic Acid Functionalized Tin Oxide-Sodium Alginate Hybrid Nanomaterials Induce Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells
- 1*,
- 2*,
- 2*,
- 3*,
- 4*,
- 5*,
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- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
- 2 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 3 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
- 5 School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Lincoln, London, UNITED KINGDOM.
- 6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Isra University, Amman, JORDAN.
- 7 Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Bioinformatics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
Published in Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Correspondence: Shakila Baby
Department of Biochemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
Email: bharathi.m@kahedu.edu.in
Copyright: © 2025 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Jan 1, 2025
- Received:
- May 27, 2024
- Accepted:
- Dec 6, 2024
- DOI:
- 10.5530/ijper.20257391
How to cite
Baby, S., Alyami, N. M., Aljawdah, H. M., Alharbi, S. A., Arulselvan, P., Jaganathan, S. K., Hussein-Al-Ali, S. H., & Muruganantham, B. (2025). Chlorogenic Acid Functionalized Tin Oxide-Sodium Alginate Hybrid Nanomaterials Induce Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 59(2), 757–766. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20257391
Abstract
Background
Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel research area to address the several problems associated with existing cancer treatments.
Objectives
The present work was focused on synthesizing and characterizing the tin oxide-sodium alginate-chlorogenic acid hybrid nanomaterials (SnO2-SA-CA HNMs) for enhanced anticancer effects against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
Materials and Methods
The synthesized SnO2-SA-CA HNMs were characterized using several methods, including UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The MTT assay was done to assess the cytotoxicity of SnO2-SA-CA HNMs against MDA-MB-231 cells. The apoptotic cell death was analyzed by the dual staining assay. The oxidative stress parameter levels were analyzed using corresponding assay kits.
Results
The results of the different characterization studies are confirmed the formation of metallic SnO2-SA-CA HNMs with an average size of 93 nm. The SnO2-SA-CA HNMs have a crystalline nature, clustered morphology and cuboidal structures. The existence of various functional groups and elements in the HNMs was also confirmed by the FT-IR and DLS analyses, respectively. The SnO2-SA-CA HNMs have demonstrated a substantial effect on inhibiting the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The dual staining result also proved the onset of apoptotic cell death in the HNMs-treated cells. The HNMs treatment effectively decreased the antioxidant level, thereby promoting oxidative stress.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that SnO2-SA-CA HNMs exhibit potential as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat breast cancer.
Keywords
Subject
Article metadata
| Title | Chlorogenic Acid Functionalized Tin Oxide-Sodium Alginate Hybrid Nanomaterials Induce Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells |
|---|---|
| Authors | Shakila Baby; Nouf M. Alyami; Hossam M. Aljawdah; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi; Palanisamy Arulselvan; Saravana Kumar Jaganathan; Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali; Bharathi Muruganantham |
| Affiliations | Department of Biochemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Lincoln, London, UNITED KINGDOM.; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Isra University, Amman, JORDAN.; Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Bioinformatics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. |
| Corresponding author | bharathi.m@kahedu.edu.in |
| Journal | Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 59, Issue 2 (2025) |
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