Saponarin and its Role in Nursing Care for the Adjuvant Treatment of MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: An in vitro and in silico Approach

Background: Breast cancer caused 670,000 deaths worldwide in 2024. Saponarin (SAP) is mostly present in vegetables and citrus fruits and has demonstrated encouraging anti-proliferative properties in various studies. This investigation examines the possible synergic effects of SAP in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 cells were undergone to various doses of SAP treatment to assess cell viability, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and measure the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH) oxidative stress level. In addition, an in silico approach was used to perform Lactate Dehydrogenase B (LDHB) expression analysis and molecular docking. Results: The impact of SAP on the cell viability revealed that its cytotoxic potential increased in a dose-dependent pattern and IC50 concentrations were chosen for further experiments. The release of LDH enzyme after treatment of cells with a SAP was measured as a biological measure of cell membrane cytotoxicity. This is achieved by remarkably augmenting oxidative stress. Hence, SAP shows promise for pharmacological use in breast cancer chemotherapy by triggering oxidative stress and death in MDA-MB-231 cells. The molecular docking analysis revealed that the SAP interacted well with the LDHB with the residues GLU105, ASP196(2), HIS194, and ARG107 via hydrogen bonds and with residues ARG100, ILE243, and TYR240 by extending pi-alkyl and pi-pi-T-shaped bond. Additionally, the hydrophobic residues that include VAL32, GLN101, SER106, ASN139, PRO140, GLU193, HIS194, SER197, GLY195, THR249, and ILE253 surrounded the docked complex via van der Walls interactions with the binding affinity of -8.4 kcal/mol and the estimated RMSD of 2.707Å which might trigger that activity of LDHB. Nursing care is vital in integrating research findings into clinical practice, educating patients about treatments, managing side effects, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: This study's findings endorse the heightened SAP as an approach to reducing cell growth in breast cancer. All these results suggest that Sap can be used as a potent anti-cancer drug for breast cancer cells.