Original ArticleIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchVol. 59 | Issue 3 | 2025 | pp. 982–994Open access
Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies
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- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
- 2 Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 6 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 7 Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 8 Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, EGYPT.
- 9 Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 10 Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, EGYPT.
- 11 Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.
Published in Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Correspondence: Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil
Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.
Email: bensonpharma12@gmail.com
Copyright: © 2025 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Jan 1, 2025
- Received:
- Oct 18, 2024
- Accepted:
- Mar 21, 2025
- DOI:
- 10.5530/ijper.20251041
How to cite
Agrawal, G. P., Abalkhail, A., Abdulaziz, O., Eltaib, L., Siddique, M. I., Alzahrani, A. R., Abida, A., Imran, M., Shoeib, S. M., Alshehri, F. F., Shehri, Z. S. A., Elkirdasy, A. F., & Kochikuzhyil, B. M. (2025). Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 59(3), 982–994. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20251041
Abstract
Background: Skin infections caused by bacterial pathogens pose a significant health concern, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against bacterial skin infections. Materials and Methods: The aerial part of the Filipendula ulmaria plant was extracted using the Soxhlet technique with water and methanol in a 70:30 v/v ratio. The resulting extract was utilized to formulate chitosan nanoparticles through the anionotropic gelation technique, which were subsequently incorporated into a gel matrix. The nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization for size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency percentage. Optimization was achieved using the Box-Behnken design, followed by in vitro-release testing. The nanogel underwent various analyses, including texture analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, dermatokinetic evaluation, stability assessment and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results: The formulated nanoparticles exhibited a size of 100.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.2965 and an entrapment efficiency of 84.5%. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibited the best fit with a linear correlation coefficient of R²=0.95. Comparative analysis with the conventional drug (tetracycline) highlighted the superior dermatokinetic performance of the nanostructure on both epidermal and dermal skin layers, along with enhanced antioxidant scavenging activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis ranged from 9.07±0.53 to 16.88±0.51 and for E. coli ranged from 8.2±0.48 to 19.11±0.74, with the highest value observed for the 60 mg nanoformulation. Conclusion: The Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanogel demonstrated potent efficacy against bacterial pathogens, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.
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Article metadata
| Title | Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies |
|---|---|
| Authors | Gopal Prasad Agrawal; Adil Abalkhail; Osama Abdulaziz; Lina Eltaib; Muhammad Irfan Siddique; Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani; Abida Abida; Mohd Imran; Sherif Mohammed Shoeib; Faez Falah Alshehri; Zafer Saad Al Shehri; Ahmed Farag Elkirdasy; Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil |
| Affiliations | Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.; Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.; Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, EGYPT.; Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, EGYPT.; Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA. |
| Corresponding author | bensonpharma12@gmail.com |
| Journal | Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 59, Issue 3 (2025) |
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