Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Photo-Cytotoxicity and Photo-Apoptotic Effects of Ciproquin on L929 Cells

Background: Photo-unstable drugs cause undesirable clinical side effects by acting as photo-toxin in the skin and other tissue under the exposure of sunshine. Ciproquin is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections and is a member of the powerful fluoroquinolone medication class. Objectives: In this work, we evaluated photochemical characteristics of ciproquin as well as its photocytotoxicity, apoptotic, and oxidative potential on the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) over a 24-hr period at ambient UVB (1.40 mW/cm2) intensity. Materials and Methods: Study conducted on mouse fibroblast cell line (L929), 24-hr exposure period, Ambient UVB radiation at 1.40 mW/cm2 intensity, Evaluation of photochemical characteristics, photocytotoxicity, apoptotic, and oxidative potential, Comparison with dark control cells. Results: Ciproquin generated Hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (O2 •-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, in comparison to dark control cells, ciproquin decreased reduced Glutathione (GSH) and increased Lipid Peroxide (LPO) levels in UV-B irritated L929 cells. Over a 24-hr period, L929 cells exposed to ambient UVB radiation intensity showed a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent impact of ciproquin. In L929 cells, it was found that caspase-3 activity and phosphatidylserine translocation were markedly (p<0.05) increased. Conclusion: The ability of ciproquin to act as both phototoxic and photo-apoptotic under UVB irradiation is thus supported by our findings.