Determination of Anti-Cancer and Photo-Aging Potential of Ripened Carica papaya Fruit Extract in in vitro Cell Line Models

Aim and Background: Carica papaya has been widely used in traditional medicine. However, the ripened papaya fruit remains underexplored regarding its potential as an anti-cancer and photo-aging aspect. Thus, our aim is to investigate the potential therapeutic opportunities of ripened Carica papaya fruit against colorectal cancer and photo-aging in in vitro cell models. Materials and Methods: 80% methanolic extracts were prepared using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and maceration techniques. The cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the extracts were evaluated through DPPH, MTT, DCFH-DA staining, TMRM staining, Hoechst staining, scratch assay, and clonogenic assay in colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. The photoprotective potential was also assessed by measuring ROS levels and cell viability in UVC-irradiated HaCaT and 3T3-L1 cells. Results: The UAE extract exhibited an IC50 of 0.1 mg/mL against HT-29 cells and significantly increased ROS levels, promoting ROS-induced apoptosis. The extract also inhibited cancer cell migration and reduced tumor-initiating potential. Furthermore, it demonstrated antioxidant and photoprotective effects by reducing ROS levels in UVC-irradiated HaCaT and 3T3-L1 cells, improving cell viability. Conclusion: In summary, the results demonstrated the specific efficacy of ripened papaya fruit extract against colorectal cancer progression in in vitro conditions. Also, these findings supported its role against skin photoaging, further highlighting the value of natural products in promoting good health and skincare.