Antibacterial Activity of Extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos and Capparis spinose Against Antibiotic- resistant Staphylococcus cohnii

Background: The antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals analysis was evaluated with antibiotic susceptible and resistant micro-organisms. In addition, of the possible coefficient effects when associated with antibiotics were studied. Extracts from the following plants Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos and Capparis spinose were utilized. Materials and Methods: Collected clinical samples were inoculated in different media and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hr. After incubation to identified Colony Morphology, Microscopic Observation and biochemical characterization and molecular identification of the Selected Bacterial isolate as Staphylococcus cohnii. Extracts from the following plants were Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos and Capparis spinose were utilized. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay and Minimal inhibitory concentration tests performed. Results: Ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos and Capparis spinose gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 20 mm, 9 mm in ethanol, 25 mm to17 mm in methanol and 24 mm to 12mm in chloroform extract and MIC values of 1.03 to 0.51 mg/ml, 1.00 to 0.06 mg/ml and 1.03 to 0.60 mg/ml respectively, against Staphylococcus cohnii. Methanol extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 25 mm followed by ethanol 20 mm and 24 mm chloroform extracts. The highest MIC values 0.06 mg/ml in methanol extract respectively and 0.51mg/ml in ethanol and 0.60mg/ml in chloroform extract against Staphylococcus cohnii. The result indicated that all extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus cohnii. Conclusion: The methanol extract showed greater activity than ethanol and chloroform extracts. Among various extracts, only the methanol extract show potential agents against bacterial Staphylococcus cohnii strain greater than standard Vancomycin test control. Thus, the extract of Solanum xanthocarpum could be used to treat microbial wound infection. Solanum xanthocarpum have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents, especially against Staphylococcus cohnii strain.