Original ArticleInternational Journal of Pharmaceutical InvestigationVol. 16 | Issue 1 | 2026 | pp. 302–308Open access
Effects of Limonin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Anxiety in Adult Zebrafish
- 1,
- 2,
- 1*
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied and Healthcare Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Maisammaguda, Kompally, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
Published in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
Correspondence: Lalitha Vaidyanathan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
Email: lalithav@sriramachandra.edu.in
Copyright: © 2026 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Jan 1, 2026
- Received:
- May 2, 2025
- Accepted:
- Aug 18, 2025
- DOI:
- 10.5530/ijpi.20260475
How to cite
Reddipalli, S., Srinivasan, M. K., & Vaidyanathan, L. (2026). Effects of Limonin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Anxiety in Adult Zebrafish. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 16(1), 302–308. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.20260475
Abstract
Background
The study explores the impact of limonin-induced hepatotoxicity and anxiety in adult zebrafish. Limonin is a chemical compound found in Citrus fruits and seeds, known for its biological properties.
Materials and Methods
The zebrafish model was used to study the effects of limonin on liver tissue and neurological function. The fish were exposed to different concentrations of limonin, and their behaviour, biochemical and histochemical responses were studied.
Results and Discussion
The behavioural assay (Novel tank test) showed that the exposed groups spent 50 times more time in the deeper section of the tank, indicating increased anxiety-like behaviour, which was proportional to the dosage of exposure. The biochemical analysis showed that the exposed fish had increased liver enzyme profiles, which increased with time and dosage of exposure. The enzyme activity of AST, ALT, and ALP increased by 2.8, 1.5, and 1.3 folds, respectively, when compared to the positive control.
Conclusion
Overall, the study suggests that high concentrations of limonin can cause both neurological and hepatic damage in zebrafish. These findings could be significant for further research on the effects of limonin on potential impact on human health.
Keywords
Subject
Article metadata
| Title | Effects of Limonin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Anxiety in Adult Zebrafish |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sharmishta Reddipalli; Madhan Kumar Srinivasan; Lalitha Vaidyanathan |
| Affiliations | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied and Healthcare Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Maisammaguda, Kompally, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. |
| Corresponding author | lalithav@sriramachandra.edu.in |
| Journal | International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 16, Issue 1 (2026) |
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