Nephroprotective Activity of the Hydro-alcoholic, Ethanolic Extract and its Fractions of Tukhme Soya (Anethum sowa Roxb.) against Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats

Background: Nephrotoxicity is an emerging health issue in many countries due to exogenous or endogenous toxicants. Many drugs are responsible for causing renal damage including antibiotics such as aminoglycoside, cisplatin, etc. Meanwhile some herbs are traditionally used to treat kidney disorders due to their nephroprotective properties. One of them is Tukhme-soya (Seed of Anethum sowa) from family Umbelliferae. This study aims to evaluate the Tukhm-e-soya in gentamicin induced nephrotoxic kidney models in Albino rats. Methods: The rats were divided in to eight groups and each group was comprised of six rats. Group I- VIII were control, toxic, hydro-alcoholic, ethanolic, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, aqueous groups respectively. 1% carboxy methyl cellulose was used as control and gentamicin was used as toxicant. Duration of the study was 8 days. Serum creatinine (S.Cr), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), histopathological studies of kidneys, and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were evaluated. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. Results: BUN, S.Cr and LPO levels were significantly increased in toxicant group when compared with control. Groups III - VIII showed significantly lower values close to control group in these parameters. Study revealed that it has a potent antioxidant activity which may be responsible for its nephroprotective actions. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that all the extracts and fractions of Tukhme soya were effective in nephroprotection but acetone fraction, hydroalcoholic and chloroform fractions were more effective than other groups.