ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Progression of Hypertensive Nephropathy and its Therapeutic Interventions

Among many molecular and cellular level elements which are involved in the development of hypertension, generation of reactive oxygen species not only involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension but also contribute to the cellular processes involved in the complication of hypertension. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) influences cellular processes (renal, immune, renin-angiotensin system) in the system that led to the increase in blood pressure. Hypertension leads to many complications like hypertensive retinopathy, stroke and Hypertensive Nephropathy (HN). Reactive oxygen species generation lead to oxidative stress which in turn activate NLRP3 inflammasome. This activated NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of Hypertensive Nephropathy (HN). ROS initiated activation of inflammasome and progression of hypertensive nephropathy can be controlled by making various therapeutic interventions which involved controlling of blood pressure, supplementation of nitric oxide, inhibition of ROS and inhibition of renin angiotensin system. This review article collected latest literature by using google scholar, Pubmed, Scopus and explained the pathogenesis of HN and therapeutic intervention by schematic diagrams. This review article also highlighted the significance of herbal medicine to arrest the progression of hypertensive nephropathy by citing literature related to phytomedicine.