Evaluation of the Nephroprotective Effects of Selected Aeginetia indica L. Extract Against Gadolinium-Induced Renal Toxicity

Background

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) are widely used in diagnostic imaging but are associated with nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with impaired renal function. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and tubular epithelial injury are key mechanisms of gadolinium-induced renal damage. Herbal extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have emerged as potential nephroprotective agents.

Materials and Methods

Renal toxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of gadolinium (10 mg/kg). Animals were divided into five groups: normal control, gadolinium control, standard drug (Cystone), low-dose Aeginetia indica L. extract (200 mg/kg), and high-dose extract (400 mg/kg). Serum renal biomarkers (creatinine, BUN, sodium, potassium, urine total protein), oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA), and histopathological alterations were evaluated.

Results

Gadolinium significantly elevated serum creatinine, BUN, sodium, potassium, and urine protein while causing tubular and glomerular damage. Treatment with A. indica extract restored renal biomarkers toward normal levels, enhanced antioxidant defense, reduced lipid peroxidation, and preserved renal histoarchitecture, particularly at the high dose.

Discussion

The nephroprotective effects of A. indica are likely mediated by its bioactive coumarin compound, which neutralizes reactive oxygen species, mitigates inflammation, and maintains tubular and glomerular integrity.

Conclusion

Aeginetia indica L.extract exhibits significant nephroprotective activity against gadolinium-induced renal toxicity, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing contrast-induced kidney injury.