A Comparative Investigation on the Phytosomes of Diverse Bioactive Nootropic Medicinal Herbs

The word “phyto” means plants and the word “somes” means cellular structures. Phytosomes are a type of a vesicular delivery system based on lipids that solves the problem of the low bioavailability of hydrophilic phytoconstituents. Phytosomes being lipid-rich bio membranes exhibits higher bioavailability than simple plant extracts. Phytosomes found very effective in hepatoprotection. The main way that phospholipids and the active phytochemical work together is through the establishment of hydrogen bonds among the polar components of the phytoconstituent and the polar parts of the phospholipids. The phytosome structure can be thought of as a cell, which protects the bioactive parts of the plant extract from being broken down by digestive juices and intestinal bacteria before reaching to target site.  Plants and derived preparations have been used to keep human healthy since ancient times. There are many benefits of herbal drugs. These benefits include making the drug more soluble and bioavailable, protecting it from toxicity, increasing its pharmacological activity, making it more stable, spreading it out more in tissue macrophages, giving it for a longer time and protecting it from physical or chemical derivatization. Because phytosomes are more lipid-soluble, they are easier to absorb through the skin and the digestive system. This means that they can pass through cellular membranes, which makes them more bioavailable at the site of action. This review elaborates the phytosome components, methods of preparations, benefits and examples.