Formulation of Mupirocin Adsorbed Silver Nanoparticle with Antibiofilm Agents for Enhancing Antibacterial Activity

Introduction: Biofilm is a complex structure of microbiome having different bacterial colonies or single type of cells in a group, adhere to the surface to produce infections. Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in different technological fields especially medicine because of their antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm property against various microbial infections. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to develop new formulations and characterization of mupirocin loaded silver nanoparticles with various anti biofilm agents. Methods: Silver nanoparticles formulations were prepared by tannic acid (TA) with trisodium citrate (TSC), Para-amino salicylic acid (PASA) and ascorbic acid (ASC) as both reducing and antibiofilm agents against Staphylococcus aureus followed by surface adsorption of Mupirocin (MUP). Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) shows that the nanoparticles are roughly spherical in shape which was also confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The particle size was in the range between 50 nm – 250 nm and found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) between the three AgNP formulations. In vitro drug release using the dialysis membrane showed a maximum release of 90% ± 2.343 in AgNPs (TSC TA) formulation at the end of 7 hr with the maximum drug entrapment of 93.75%. The formulations were tested for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The results were statistically compared using one way ANOVA and student t test. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in antibacterial activity between three AgNP formulations. However the best synergistic activity against planktonic S. aureus bacteria was shown by AgNP-PASA inspite of its minimal drug release when compared to AgNPs (TSC TA).