Review ArticleInternational Journal of Pharmaceutical InvestigationVol. 16 | Issue 2 | 2026 | pp. 523–535Open access
Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Cancer: Unlocking New Frontiers in Therapeutic Strategies
- 1*,
- 2,
- 3,
- 4,
- 5,
- 6,
- 7,8,
- 9
- 1 Department of Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, EXPRESSMED Diagnostics and Research, Zinj, BAHRAIN.
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 3 College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 4 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, Molecular Medicine Genetics, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UNITED KINGDOM.
- 5 Department of Optometry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, AlGhad College for Applied Medical Sciences, 4177 Al Nabighah Al Dhubyani - Al Zahour District, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 7 Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty in Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 8 Health Professions Education Center, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 9 Department of Haematology, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Regions, Abha, SAUDI ARABIA.
Published in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
Correspondence: Qamre Alam
Department of Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, EXPRESSMED Diagnostics and Research, Zinj, BAHRAIN.
Email: alamqa2022@gmail.com
Copyright: © 2026 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Jan 1, 2026
- Received:
- Sep 3, 2025
- Accepted:
- Dec 16, 2025
- DOI:
- 10.5530/ijpi.20260153
How to cite
Alam, Q., Alazragi, R. S., Al-Kathiri, A., Albaz, A. A., Alshehri, J. M., Alsaffar, F. A., Alammari, D., & Alqahtani, S. (2026). Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Cancer: Unlocking New Frontiers in Therapeutic Strategies. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 16(2), 523–535. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.20260153
Abstract
This review thoroughly examines Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) discussing their involvement, in tumor advancement and spread and their resistance to treatment while also discussing methods for targeting them for elimination purposes. We delve into indicators as well as the signaling pathways that control their ability to regenerate and survive; we also explore different treatment methods such as small molecule inhibitors and immune based therapies along with newer technologies, like RNA interference techniques, CRISPR/Cas9 applications and drug delivery systems driven by nanotechnology. Furthermore, it deals with the difficulties presented by adaptability, tumor diversity and interactions, within the microenvironment alongside the requirement for enhanced models and successful clinical application. The analysis brings into focus existing progressions, constraints and forthcoming paths in BCSC focused treatments underscoring their ability to improve results, in breast cancer therapy.
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Article metadata
| Title | Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Cancer: Unlocking New Frontiers in Therapeutic Strategies |
|---|---|
| Authors | Qamre Alam; Reem Saeed Alazragi; Alaa Al-Kathiri; Alrayan Abass Albaz; Jawaher Mohammad Alshehri; Fatimah Ali Alsaffar; Dalia Alammari; Saleh Alqahtani |
| Affiliations | Department of Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, EXPRESSMED Diagnostics and Research, Zinj, BAHRAIN.; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.; College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, Molecular Medicine Genetics, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UNITED KINGDOM.; Department of Optometry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, AlGhad College for Applied Medical Sciences, 4177 Al Nabighah Al Dhubyani - Al Zahour District, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty in Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Health Professions Education Center, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Haematology, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Regions, Abha, SAUDI ARABIA. |
| Corresponding author | alamqa2022@gmail.com |
| Journal | International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 16, Issue 2 (2026) |
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