Detection of Various Poison in Biological Sample Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Background

Poisoning is a major public health issue in many countries, particularly in India, where exposures to pesticides, household agents, drugs, industrial chemicals, and animal toxins are common. Contributing factors include rapid industrialization, the easy availability of over-the-counter medications, and extensive pesticide usage in agriculture. Rapid detection of poisons in biological samples is critical for timely medical intervention.

Materials and Methods

This study involved the preparation of standard solutions of five pesticides: cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, monocrotophos, and quinalphos. Saliva samples were artificially spiked with these compounds and then processed for analysis using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Specific chromatographic conditions were optimized for each poison using mobile phases like n-hexane and acetone to ensure effective separation and detection.

Results

The analysis demonstrated the presence of all five pesticides in saliva samples. The Rf values observed for each spiked sample closely matched those of the respective standard solutions, confirming the successful identification of each poison. This validated the sensitivity and specificity of the HPTLC method for detecting these toxic substances in biological matrices.

Conclusion

HPTLC is a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective analytical method for detecting common poisons in biological samples such as saliva. The technique offers significant clinical value by enabling timely diagnosis and management of poisoning cases, potentially improving patient survival rates.